![]() Dentists and dental hygienists are confronted with myriad questions to consider, requiring them to factor in the code of ethics and their own values and beliefs before arriving at a decision. The process of decision-making is dynamic, evolving as additional information comes to light. ![]() It is a reasoned approach based on theory and principle. ![]() The model suggested in this module is a simple six-step approach derived from the decision-making literature as interpreted by Atchison and Beemsterboer and used since the early 1990s with dental and dental hygiene students in a combined ethics course. Some of these models incorporate four, five or seven steps for resolving dilemmas but all support careful reasoning through the structure of a decision model whether in solo private practice, large clinical settings, or dentally-related advocacy organizations. They advocate the use of resources such as published evidence, clinical data and consulting colleagues in dentistry. 7 These models consider ethical principles, obligations and values. Most of these models use principle-based reasoning, an approach primarily derived from the work of philosophers Beauchamp and Childress. The goal of each model is to provide a framework for making the best decision in a particular situation with which the health care provider is confronted. A number of models are presented in the ethics literature, most of which are similar in design and content. An ethical decision-making model is a tool that can be used by health care providers to help develop the ability to think through an ethical dilemma and arrive at an ethical decision. Ethical decision-making models provide a suggested mechanism for critical thinking and planning for the resolution of ethical dilemmas.
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